Directions for the Entire Exam

Please complete both parts of the exam.

Materials allowed: Please only consult and use course materials (lectures, readings, discussion notes) in this exam.

We need to keep this fair for everyone. So ***If other materials beyond the course materials are brought into the exam (anything from the internet, books, articles, friends’ knowledge, parents’ knowledge, other students’ knowledge, etc), then your entire exam will earn a 0 and I will report you to the Honors Council. ***

Please cite the readings and the lectures in your terms and in your essay. Please see the Appendix on page 2 of this exam for more instructions on citing in this exam.

Any questions? I am here for you! Come talk to me (email, virtual office hours through Zoom) or come to our virtual zoom review session on Tuesday, September 22 during class-time. And, why yes! I do help people when they’re stuck; and I do read outlines and drafts.

The Exam Questions

Part 1: Terms (50% of Total Exam)

Directions for Part 1: Every single one of these terms comes directly from our course material. In other words, they come from my lectures and the readings. Please look for these terms in all the course materials and answer all of these terms.

• The Spaniards’ guns during the conquest of the Aztec Empire
• Khipukamayuq
• Mummies
• Dujo/Duho
• Ayllú

Here are some hints about answering the terms: Please state: the date or an appropriate date range; what the term refers to, and most importantly why the term is significant in the context of larger themes that we raised in our course. Each of these terms should be between 5 and 10 sentences.

Part 2: Essay (50% of Total Exam)

Directions for Part 2: Please answer this essay question. Please make your essay a minimum of three complete full pages (double spaced, no spaces between paragraphs, Times New Roman 12 or the equivalent kind of font) Citations: Please use and cite all the readings and all my lectures that contain material about the Spaniards and the Aztecs.

The Essay Question: Do you argue that the Aztec Empire and Spanish Empire were more meaningfully similar to each other? Or do you argue they were more meaningfully different from each other? Why do you argue this?

Here are some hints about how to argue effectively: You need to pick a side. Give your argument in full sentences and make sure that it persuades a reader who will voice the opposite point of view. This means that you want to include a solid counterargument. Deploy a variety of points, analysis and examples to support each of your points. Everything needs to be drawn from my lectures and the course readings.

Appendix
How to cite in your terms (part 1 of this exam) and in your essay (part 2 of this exam)

For lecture: (Mottier, Name of Lecture) like this: (Mottier, The Conquest of the Aztec Empire)
For readings: (assigned author’s last name, p# that you are getting the quote or example or point from) like this: (Clendinnen, p. 52)
For discussions: (Discussion, Date) like this: (Discussion, Sept. 17)

Here’s where the citation should appear in your term answers and in your essay:

In the Latin American context populism while it has been sort of a shapeshifter throughout history, the various forms have all shared “urban-based, multiclass coalitional, hierarchical, co-optive, ad hoc, and nonrevolutionary” figures at its head (Levine, 7). Nations such as Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico all experienced populist leaders at varying degrees and in various forms. These populist political movements and leaders spawned nationalistic feelings and resembled nationalist movements and feelings, but very rarely did they have a concrete agenda or a stable consistent ideology (Levine, 8). Leadership under a government structured with populism is usually one single leader that everyone reports to, and in Latin America it was common for these leaders to utilize labor organizations within their respective governments for their own personal gain. By doing this social stability was ensured and the rate of capital accumulation was preserved (Levine, 8).

Focus on doing your best on this exam. I am glad to help you and answer questions.